The Wiki supports LaTeX markup: $pi=frac\{3\}\{4\}\; sqrt\{3\}+24\; int\_0\{1/4\}\{sqrt\{x-x2\}dx\}$

Mathematical Formula (LaTeX) can be inserted into text like this:

<math>Insert formula here</math>

For example:

<math>alpha^2+beta^2=1</math>

…displays $alpha2+beta2=1$

Displaying a Formula

The Wiki uses a subset of TeX markup, including some extensions from LaTeX and AMSLaTeX, for mathematical formulae. It generates either PNG images or simple HTML markup, depending on the complexity of the expression. While it can generate MathML, it is not currently used due to limited browser support. As browsers become more advanced and support for MathML becomes more wide-spread, this could be the preferred method of output as images have very real disadvantages.

Syntax

Math markup goes inside <math> ... </math>.

Pros of

Pros of TeX

x}}}" means "mathematical variable <math>x</math>", whereas in HTML "{{{x

“ could mean anything. Information has been irrevocably lost.

Example Formulas

The following are a few examples of formulas:

<math>sqrt{1-e^2}</math>

$sqrt\{1-e^2\}$

<math>overbrace{ 1+2+cdots+100 }^{5050}</math>

$overbrace\{\; 1+2+cdots+100\; \}^\{5050\}$

<math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0</math>

$ax^2\; +\; bx\; +\; c\; =\; 0$

<math>int_{-N}^{N} e^x, dx</math>

$int\_\{-N\}\{N\}\; ex,\; dx$

Functions, symbols, special characters

Accents/Diacritics

acute{a} grave{a} hat{a} tilde{a} breve{a} $acute\{a\}\; grave\{a\}\; hat\{a\}\; tilde\{a\}\; breve\{a\}$ check{a} bar{a} ddot{a} dot{a} $check\{a\}\; bar\{a\}\; ddot\{a\}\; dot\{a\}$

Standard functions

sin a cos b tan c $sin\; a\; cos\; b\; tan\; c$ sec d csc e cot f $sec\; d\; csc\; e\; cot\; f,!$ arcsin h arccos i arctan j $arcsin\; h\; arccos\; i\; arctan\; j,!$ sinh k cosh l tanh m coth n $sinh\; k\; cosh\; l\; tanh\; m\; coth\; n$ operatorname{sh},o,operatorname{ch},p,operatorname{th},q $operatorname\{sh\},o,operatorname\{ch\},p,operatorname\{th\},q$ operatorname{arsinh},r,operatorname{arcosh},s,operatorname{artanh},t $operatorname\{arsinh\},r,operatorname\{arcosh\},s,operatorname\{artanh\},t,!$ lim u limsup v liminf w min x max y $lim\; u\; limsup\; v\; liminf\; w\; min\; x\; max\; y$ inf z sup a exp b ln c lg d log e log_{10} f ker g $inf\; z\; sup\; a\; exp\; b\; ln\; c\; lg\; d\; log\; e\; log\_\{10\}\; f\; ker\; g$ deg h gcd i Pr j det k hom l arg m dim n $deg\; h\; gcd\; i\; Pr\; j\; det\; k\; hom\; l\; arg\; m\; dim\; n,!$

Modular arithmetic

s_k equiv 0 pmod{m} $s\_k\; equiv\; 0\; pmod\{m\},!$a,bmod,b $a,bmod,b,!$

Derivatives

nabla , partial x , dx , dot x , ddot y, dy/dx, frac{dy}{dx}, frac{partial^2 y}{partial x_1,partial x_2} $nabla\; ,\; partial\; x\; ,\; dx\; ,\; dot\; x\; ,\; ddot\; y,\; dy/dx,\; frac\{dy\}\{dx\},\; frac\{partial^2\; y\}\{partial\; x\_1,partial\; x\_2\}$

Sets

forall exists empty emptyset varnothing $forall\; exists\; empty\; emptyset\; varnothing,!$ in ni not in notin subset subseteq supset supseteq $in\; ni\; not\; in\; notin\; subset\; subseteq\; supset\; supseteq,!$ cap bigcap cup bigcup biguplus setminus smallsetminus $cap\; bigcap\; cup\; bigcup\; biguplus\; setminus\; smallsetminus,!$ sqsubset sqsubseteq sqsupset sqsupseteq sqcap sqcup bigsqcup $sqsubset\; sqsubseteq\; sqsupset\; sqsupseteq\; sqcap\; sqcup\; bigsqcup,!$

Operators

+ oplus bigoplus pm mp - $+\; oplus\; bigoplus\; pm\; mp\; –\; ,!$ times otimes bigotimes cdot circ bullet bigodot $times\; otimes\; bigotimes\; cdot\; circ\; bullet\; bigodot,!$ star * / div frac{1}{2} $star\; *\; /\; div\; frac\{1\}\{2\},!$

Logic

land (or and) wedge bigwedge bar{q} to p $land\; wedge\; bigwedge\; bar\{q\}\; to\; p,!$ lor vee bigvee lnot neg q And $lor\; vee\; bigvee\; lnot\; neg\; q\; And,!$

Root

sqrt{2} sqrt[n]{x} $sqrt\{2\}\; sqrtn\{x\},!$

Relations

sim approx simeq cong dot= overset{underset{mathrm{def}}{}}{=} $sim\; approx\; simeq\; cong\; dot=\; overset\{underset\{mathrm\{def\}\}\{\}\}\{=\},!$ le < ll gg ge > equiv notequiv ne mbox{or} neq propto

Geometric

Diamond Box triangle angle perp mid nmid | 45^circ $Diamond\; ,\; Box\; ,\; triangle\; ,\; angle\; perp\; ,\; mid ;\; nmid\; ,\; |\; 45^circ,!$

Arrows

leftarrow (or gets) rightarrow (or to) nleftarrow notto leftrightarrow nleftrightarrow longleftarrow longrightarrow longleftrightarrow $leftarrow\; rightarrow\; nleftarrow\; notto\; leftrightarrow\; nleftrightarrow\; longleftarrow\; longrightarrow\; longleftrightarrow\; ,!$ Leftarrow Rightarrow nLeftarrow nRightarrow Leftrightarrow nLeftrightarrow Longleftarrow Longrightarrow Longleftrightarrow (or iff) $Leftarrow\; Rightarrow\; nLeftarrow\; nRightarrow\; Leftrightarrow\; nLeftrightarrow\; Longleftarrow\; Longrightarrow\; Longleftrightarrow\; ,!$ uparrow downarrow updownarrow Uparrow Downarrow Updownarrow nearrow searrow swarrow nwarrow $uparrow\; downarrow\; updownarrow\; Uparrow\; Downarrow\; Updownarrow\; nearrow\; searrow\; swarrow\; nwarrow$ rightharpoonup rightharpoondown leftharpoonup leftharpoondown upharpoonleft upharpoonright downharpoonleft downharpoonright rightleftharpoons leftrightharpoons $rightharpoonup\; rightharpoondown\; leftharpoonup\; leftharpoondown\; upharpoonleft\; upharpoonright\; downharpoonleft\; downharpoonright\; rightleftharpoons\; leftrightharpoons\; ,!$ curvearrowleft circlearrowleft Lsh upuparrows rightrightarrows rightleftarrows Rrightarrow rightarrowtail looparrowright $curvearrowleft\; circlearrowleft\; Lsh\; upuparrows\; rightrightarrows\; rightleftarrows\; Rrightarrow\; rightarrowtail\; looparrowright\; ,!$ curvearrowright circlearrowright Rsh downdownarrows leftleftarrows leftrightarrows Lleftarrow leftarrowtail looparrowleft $curvearrowright\; circlearrowright\; Rsh\; downdownarrows\; leftleftarrows\; leftrightarrows\; Lleftarrow\; leftarrowtail\; looparrowleft\; ,!$ mapsto longmapsto hookrightarrow hookleftarrow multimap leftrightsquigarrow rightsquigarrow $mapsto\; longmapsto\; hookrightarrow\; hookleftarrow\; multimap\; leftrightsquigarrow\; rightsquigarrow\; ,!$

Special

And eth S P % dagger ddagger ldots cdots $And\; eth\; S\; P \%\; dagger\; ddagger\; ldots\; cdots,!$ smile frown wr triangleleft triangleright infty bot top $smile\; frown\; wr\; triangleleft\; triangleright\; infty\; bot\; top,!$ vdash vDash Vdash models lVert rVert imath hbar $vdash\; vDash\; Vdash\; models\; lVert\; rVert\; imath\; hbar,!$ ell mho Finv Re Im wp complement $ell\; mho\; Finv\; Re\; Im\; wp\; complement,!$ diamondsuit heartsuit clubsuit spadesuit Game flat natural sharp $diamondsuit\; heartsuit\; clubsuit\; spadesuit\; Game\; flat\; natural\; sharp,!$

Unsorted (new stuff)

vartriangle triangledown lozenge circledS measuredangle nexists Bbbk backprime blacktriangle blacktriangledown $vartriangle\; triangledown\; lozenge\; circledS\; measuredangle\; nexists\; Bbbk\; backprime\; blacktriangle\; blacktriangledown$ blacksquare blacklozenge bigstar sphericalangle diagup diagdown dotplus Cap Cup barwedge $blacksquare\; blacklozenge\; bigstar\; sphericalangle\; diagup\; diagdown\; dotplus\; Cap\; Cup\; barwedge$ veebar doublebarwedge boxminus boxtimes boxdot boxplus divideontimes ltimes rtimes leftthreetimes $veebar\; doublebarwedge\; boxminus\; boxtimes\; boxdot\; boxplus\; divideontimes\; ltimes\; rtimes\; leftthreetimes$ rightthreetimes curlywedge curlyvee circleddash circledast circledcirc centerdot intercal leqq leqslant $rightthreetimes\; curlywedge\; curlyvee\; circleddash\; circledast\; circledcirc\; centerdot\; intercal\; leqq\; leqslant$ eqslantless lessapprox approxeq lessdot lll lessgtr lesseqgtr lesseqqgtr doteqdot risingdotseq $eqslantless\; lessapprox\; approxeq\; lessdot\; lll\; lessgtr\; lesseqgtr\; lesseqqgtr\; doteqdot\; risingdotseq$ fallingdotseq backsim backsimeq subseteqq Subset preccurlyeq curlyeqprec precsim precapprox vartriangleleft $fallingdotseq\; backsim\; backsimeq\; subseteqq\; Subset\; preccurlyeq\; curlyeqprec\; precsim\; precapprox\; vartriangleleft$ Vvdash bumpeq Bumpeq geqq geqslant eqslantgtr gtrsim gtrapprox eqsim gtrdot $Vvdash\; bumpeq\; Bumpeq\; geqq\; geqslant\; eqslantgtr\; gtrsim\; gtrapprox\; eqsim\; gtrdot$ ggg gtrless gtreqless gtreqqless eqcirc circeq triangleq thicksim thickapprox supseteqq $ggg\; gtrless\; gtreqless\; gtreqqless\; eqcirc\; circeq\; triangleq\; thicksim\; thickapprox\; supseteqq$ Supset succcurlyeq curlyeqsucc succsim succapprox vartriangleright shortmid shortparallel between pitchfork $Supset\; succcurlyeq\; curlyeqsucc\; succsim\; succapprox\; vartriangleright\; shortmid\; shortparallel\; between\; pitchfork$ varpropto blacktriangleleft therefore backepsilon blacktriangleright because nleqslant nleqq lneq lneqq $varpropto\; blacktriangleleft\; therefore\; backepsilon\; blacktriangleright\; because\; nleqslant\; nleqq\; lneq\; lneqq$ lvertneqq lnsim lnapprox nprec npreceq precneqq precnsim precnapprox nsim nshortmid $lvertneqq\; lnsim\; lnapprox\; nprec\; npreceq\; precneqq\; precnsim\; precnapprox\; nsim\; nshortmid$ nvdash nVdash ntriangleleft ntrianglelefteq nsubseteq nsubseteqq varsubsetneq subsetneqq varsubsetneqq ngtr $nvdash\; nVdash\; ntriangleleft\; ntrianglelefteq\; nsubseteq\; nsubseteqq\; varsubsetneq\; subsetneqq\; varsubsetneqq\; ngtr$ subsetneq $subsetneq$ ngeqslant ngeqq gneq gneqq gvertneqq gnsim gnapprox nsucc nsucceq succneqq $ngeqslant\; ngeqq\; gneq\; gneqq\; gvertneqq\; gnsim\; gnapprox\; nsucc\; nsucceq\; succneqq$ succnsim succnapprox ncong nshortparallel nparallel nvDash nVDash ntriangleright ntrianglerighteq nsupseteq $succnsim\; succnapprox\; ncong\; nshortparallel\; nparallel\; nvDash\; nVDash\; ntriangleright\; ntrianglerighteq\; nsupseteq$ nsupseteqq varsupsetneq supsetneqq varsupsetneqq $nsupseteqq\; varsupsetneq\; supsetneqq\; varsupsetneqq$ jmath surd ast uplus diamond bigtriangleup bigtriangledown ominus $jmath\; surd\; ast\; uplus\; diamond\; bigtriangleup\; bigtriangledown\; ominus,!$ oslash odot bigcirc amalg prec succ preceq succeq $oslash\; odot\; bigcirc\; amalg\; prec\; succ\; preceq\; succeq,!$ dashv asymp doteq parallel $dashv\; asymp\; doteq\; parallel,!$ ulcorner urcorner llcorner lrcorner $ulcorner\; urcorner\; llcorner\; lrcorner$

Larger Expressions

Parenthesizing big expressions, brackets, bars

Feature Syntax How it looks rendered Bad ( frac{1}{2} ) $(\; frac\{1\}\{2\}\; )$ Good left ( frac{1}{2} right ) $left\; (\; frac\{1\}\{2\}\; right\; )$

You can use various delimiters with left and right:

Feature Syntax How it looks rendered Parentheses left ( frac{a}{b} right ) $left\; (\; frac\{a\}\{b\}\; right\; )$ Brackets left [ frac{a}{b} right ] quad left lbrack frac{a}{b} right rbrack $leftrightquad\; left\; lbrack\; frac\{a\}\{b\}\; right\; rbrack$ Braces left { frac{a}{b} right } quad left lbrace frac{a}{b} right rbrace $left\; \{\; frac\{a\}\{b\}\; right\; \}\; quad\; left\; lbrace\; frac\{a\}\{b\}\; right\; rbrace$ Angle brackets left langle frac{a}{b} right rangle $left\; langle\; frac\{a\}\{b\}\; right\; rangle$ Bars and double bars left | frac{a}{b} right vert left Vert frac{c}{d} right | $left\; |\; frac\{a\}\{b\}\; right\; vert\; left\; Vert\; frac\{c\}\{d\}\; right\; |$ Floor and ceiling functions: left lfloor frac{a}{b} right rfloor left lceil frac{c}{d} right rceil $left\; lfloor\; frac\{a\}\{b\}\; right\; rfloor\; left\; lceil\; frac\{c\}\{d\}\; right\; rceil$ Slashes and backslashes left / frac{a}{b} right backslash $left\; /\; frac\{a\}\{b\}\; right\; backslash$ Up, down and up-down arrows left uparrow frac{a}{b} right downarrow quad left Uparrow frac{a}{b} right Downarrow quad left updownarrow frac{a}{b} right Updownarrow $left\; uparrow\; frac\{a\}\{b\}\; right\; downarrow\; quad\; left\; Uparrow\; frac\{a\}\{b\}\; right\; Downarrow\; quad\; left\; updownarrow\; frac\{a\}\{b\}\; right\; Updownarrow$ Delimiters can be mixed,
as long as left and right match || left [ 0,1 right )
left langle psi right | || $left$ $left\; .\; frac\{A\}\{B\}\; right\; \}\; to\; X$ Size of the delimiters $big(\; Big(\; bigg(\; Bigg(\; dots\; Bigg\; bigg]\; Big]\; big]$ . big{ Big{ bigg{ Bigg{ dots Biggrangle biggrangle Bigrangle bigrangle $big\{\; Big\{\; bigg\{\; Bigg\{\; dots\; Biggrangle\; biggrangle\; Bigrangle\; bigrangle$ . big| Big| bigg| Bigg| dots Bigg| bigg| Big| big| $big|\; Big|\; bigg|\; Bigg|\; dots\; Bigg|\; bigg|\; Big|\; big|$ . biglfloor Biglfloor bigglfloor Bigglfloor dots Biggrceil biggrceil Bigrceil bigrceil $biglfloor\; Biglfloor\; bigglfloor\; Bigglfloor\; dots\; Biggrceil\; biggrceil\; Bigrceil\; bigrceil$ . biguparrow Biguparrow bigguparrow Bigguparrow dots BiggDownarrow biggDownarrow BigDownarrow bigDownarrow $biguparrow\; Biguparrow\; bigguparrow\; Bigguparrow\; dotsBiggDownarrowbiggDownarrowBigDownarrowbigDownarrow$ . bigupdownarrow Bigupdownarrow biggupdownarrow Biggupdownarrow dots BiggUpdownarrow biggUpdownarrow BigUpdownarrow bigUpdownarrow $bigupdownarrow\; Bigupdownarrow\; biggupdownarrow\; Biggupdownarrow\; dotsBiggUpdownarrowbiggUpdownarrowBigUpdownarrowbigUpdownarrow$ . big / Big / bigg / Bigg / dots Biggbackslash biggbackslash Bigbackslash bigbackslash $big\; /\; Big\; /\; bigg\; /\; Bigg\; /\; dots\; Biggbackslash\; biggbackslash\; Bigbackslash\; bigbackslash$

Alphabets and typefaces

Texvc cannot render arbitrary Unicode characters. Those it can handle can be entered by the expressions below. For others, such as Cyrillic, they can be entered as Unicode or HTML entities in running text, but cannot be used in displayed formulas.

_2. Greek alphabet Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon Zeta $Alpha\; Beta\; Gamma\; Delta\; Epsilon\; Zeta\; ,!$ Eta Theta Iota Kappa Lambda Mu $Eta\; Theta\; Iota\; Kappa\; Lambda\; Mu\; ,!$ Nu Xi Pi Rho Sigma Tau $Nu\; Xi\; Pi\; Rho\; Sigma\; Tau,!$ Upsilon Phi Chi Psi Omega $Upsilon\; Phi\; Chi\; Psi\; Omega\; ,!$ alpha beta gamma delta epsilon zeta $alpha\; beta\; gamma\; delta\; epsilon\; zeta\; ,!$ eta theta iota kappa lambda mu $eta\; theta\; iota\; kappa\; lambda\; mu\; ,!$ nu xi pi rho sigma tau $nu\; xi\; pi\; rho\; sigma\; tau\; ,!$ upsilon phi chi psi omega $upsilon\; phi\; chi\; psi\; omega\; ,!$ varepsilon digamma vartheta varkappa $varepsilon\; digamma\; vartheta\; varkappa\; ,!$ varpi varrho varsigma varphi $varpi\; varrho\; varsigma\; varphi,!$ _2. Blackboard Bold/Scripts mathbb{A} mathbb{B} mathbb{C} mathbb{D} mathbb{E} mathbb{F} mathbb{G} $mathbb\{A\}\; mathbb\{B\}\; mathbb\{C\}\; mathbb\{D\}\; mathbb\{E\}\; mathbb\{F\}\; mathbb\{G\}\; ,!$ mathbb{H} mathbb{I} mathbb{J} mathbb{K} mathbb{L} mathbb{M} $mathbb\{H\}\; mathbb\{I\}\; mathbb\{J\}\; mathbb\{K\}\; mathbb\{L\}\; mathbb\{M\}\; ,!$ mathbb{N} mathbb{O} mathbb{P} mathbb{Q} mathbb{R} mathbb{S} mathbb{T} $mathbb\{N\}\; mathbb\{O\}\; mathbb\{P\}\; mathbb\{Q\}\; mathbb\{R\}\; mathbb\{S\}\; mathbb\{T\}\; ,!$ mathbb{U} mathbb{V} mathbb{W} mathbb{X} mathbb{Y} mathbb{Z} $mathbb\{U\}\; mathbb\{V\}\; mathbb\{W\}\; mathbb\{X\}\; mathbb\{Y\}\; mathbb\{Z\},!$ _2. boldface (vectors) mathbf{A} mathbf{B} mathbf{C} mathbf{D} mathbf{E} mathbf{F} mathbf{G} $mathbf\{A\}\; mathbf\{B\}\; mathbf\{C\}\; mathbf\{D\}\; mathbf\{E\}\; mathbf\{F\}\; mathbf\{G\}\; ,!$ mathbf{H} mathbf{I} mathbf{J} mathbf{K} mathbf{L} mathbf{M} $mathbf\{H\}\; mathbf\{I\}\; mathbf\{J\}\; mathbf\{K\}\; mathbf\{L\}\; mathbf\{M\}\; ,!$ mathbf{N} mathbf{O} mathbf{P} mathbf{Q} mathbf{R} mathbf{S} mathbf{T} $mathbf\{N\}\; mathbf\{O\}\; mathbf\{P\}\; mathbf\{Q\}\; mathbf\{R\}\; mathbf\{S\}\; mathbf\{T\}\; ,!$ mathbf{U} mathbf{V} mathbf{W} mathbf{X} mathbf{Y} mathbf{Z} $mathbf\{U\}\; mathbf\{V\}\; mathbf\{W\}\; mathbf\{X\}\; mathbf\{Y\}\; mathbf\{Z\}\; ,!$ mathbf{a} mathbf{b} mathbf{c} mathbf{d} mathbf{e} mathbf{f} mathbf{g} $mathbf\{a\}\; mathbf\{b\}\; mathbf\{c\}\; mathbf\{d\}\; mathbf\{e\}\; mathbf\{f\}\; mathbf\{g\}\; ,!$ mathbf{h} mathbf{i} mathbf{j} mathbf{k} mathbf{l} mathbf{m} $mathbf\{h\}\; mathbf\{i\}\; mathbf\{j\}\; mathbf\{k\}\; mathbf\{l\}\; mathbf\{m\}\; ,!$ mathbf{n} mathbf{o} mathbf{p} mathbf{q} mathbf{r} mathbf{s} mathbf{t} $mathbf\{n\}\; mathbf\{o\}\; mathbf\{p\}\; mathbf\{q\}\; mathbf\{r\}\; mathbf\{s\}\; mathbf\{t\}\; ,!$ mathbf{u} mathbf{v} mathbf{w} mathbf{x} mathbf{y} mathbf{z} $mathbf\{u\}\; mathbf\{v\}\; mathbf\{w\}\; mathbf\{x\}\; mathbf\{y\}\; mathbf\{z\}\; ,!$ mathbf{0} mathbf{1} mathbf{2} mathbf{3} mathbf{4} $mathbf\{0\}\; mathbf\{1\}\; mathbf\{2\}\; mathbf\{3\}\; mathbf\{4\}\; ,!$ mathbf{5} mathbf{6} mathbf{7} mathbf{8} mathbf{9} $mathbf\{5\}\; mathbf\{6\}\; mathbf\{7\}\; mathbf\{8\}\; mathbf\{9\},!$ _2. Boldface (greek) boldsymbol{Alpha} boldsymbol{Beta} boldsymbol{Gamma} boldsymbol{Delta} boldsymbol{Epsilon} boldsymbol{Zeta} $boldsymbol\{Alpha\}\; boldsymbol\{Beta\}\; boldsymbol\{Gamma\}\; boldsymbol\{Delta\}\; boldsymbol\{Epsilon\}\; boldsymbol\{Zeta\}\; ,!$ boldsymbol{Eta} boldsymbol{Theta} boldsymbol{Iota} boldsymbol{Kappa} boldsymbol{Lambda} boldsymbol{Mu} $boldsymbol\{Eta\}\; boldsymbol\{Theta\}\; boldsymbol\{Iota\}\; boldsymbol\{Kappa\}\; boldsymbol\{Lambda\}\; boldsymbol\{Mu\},!$ boldsymbol{Nu} boldsymbol{Xi} boldsymbol{Pi} boldsymbol{Rho} boldsymbol{Sigma} boldsymbol{Tau} $boldsymbol\{Nu\}\; boldsymbol\{Xi\}\; boldsymbol\{Pi\}\; boldsymbol\{Rho\}\; boldsymbol\{Sigma\}\; boldsymbol\{Tau\},!$ boldsymbol{Upsilon} boldsymbol{Phi} boldsymbol{Chi} boldsymbol{Psi} boldsymbol{Omega} $boldsymbol\{Upsilon\}\; boldsymbol\{Phi\}\; boldsymbol\{Chi\}\; boldsymbol\{Psi\}\; boldsymbol\{Omega\},!$ boldsymbol{alpha} boldsymbol{beta} boldsymbol{gamma} boldsymbol{delta} boldsymbol{epsilon} boldsymbol{zeta} $boldsymbol\{alpha\}\; boldsymbol\{beta\}\; boldsymbol\{gamma\}\; boldsymbol\{delta\}\; boldsymbol\{epsilon\}\; boldsymbol\{zeta\},!$ boldsymbol{eta} boldsymbol{theta} boldsymbol{iota} boldsymbol{kappa} boldsymbol{lambda} boldsymbol{mu} $boldsymbol\{eta\}\; boldsymbol\{theta\}\; boldsymbol\{iota\}\; boldsymbol\{kappa\}\; boldsymbol\{lambda\}\; boldsymbol\{mu\},!$ boldsymbol{nu} boldsymbol{xi} boldsymbol{pi} boldsymbol{rho} boldsymbol{sigma} boldsymbol{tau} $boldsymbol\{nu\}\; boldsymbol\{xi\}\; boldsymbol\{pi\}\; boldsymbol\{rho\}\; boldsymbol\{sigma\}\; boldsymbol\{tau\},!$ boldsymbol{upsilon} boldsymbol{phi} boldsymbol{chi} boldsymbol{psi} boldsymbol{omega} $boldsymbol\{upsilon\}\; boldsymbol\{phi\}\; boldsymbol\{chi\}\; boldsymbol\{psi\}\; boldsymbol\{omega\},!$ boldsymbol{varepsilon} boldsymbol{digamma} boldsymbol{vartheta} boldsymbol{varkappa} $boldsymbol\{varepsilon\}\; boldsymbol\{digamma\}\; boldsymbol\{vartheta\}\; boldsymbol\{varkappa\}\; ,!$ boldsymbol{varpi} boldsymbol{varrho} boldsymbol{varsigma} boldsymbol{varphi} $boldsymbol\{varpi\}\; boldsymbol\{varrho\}\; boldsymbol\{varsigma\}\; boldsymbol\{varphi\},!$ _2. Italics mathit{A} mathit{B} mathit{C} mathit{D} mathit{E} mathit{F} mathit{G} $mathit\{A\}\; mathit\{B\}\; mathit\{C\}\; mathit\{D\}\; mathit\{E\}\; mathit\{F\}\; mathit\{G\}\; ,!$ mathit{H} mathit{I} mathit{J} mathit{K} mathit{L} mathit{M} $mathit\{H\}\; mathit\{I\}\; mathit\{J\}\; mathit\{K\}\; mathit\{L\}\; mathit\{M\}\; ,!$ mathit{N} mathit{O} mathit{P} mathit{Q} mathit{R} mathit{S} mathit{T} $mathit\{N\}\; mathit\{O\}\; mathit\{P\}\; mathit\{Q\}\; mathit\{R\}\; mathit\{S\}\; mathit\{T\}\; ,!$ mathit{U} mathit{V} mathit{W} mathit{X} mathit{Y} mathit{Z} $mathit\{U\}\; mathit\{V\}\; mathit\{W\}\; mathit\{X\}\; mathit\{Y\}\; mathit\{Z\}\; ,!$ mathit{a} mathit{b} mathit{c} mathit{d} mathit{e} mathit{f} mathit{g} $mathit\{a\}\; mathit\{b\}\; mathit\{c\}\; mathit\{d\}\; mathit\{e\}\; mathit\{f\}\; mathit\{g\}\; ,!$ mathit{h} mathit{i} mathit{j} mathit{k} mathit{l} mathit{m} $mathit\{h\}\; mathit\{i\}\; mathit\{j\}\; mathit\{k\}\; mathit\{l\}\; mathit\{m\}\; ,!$ mathit{n} mathit{o} mathit{p} mathit{q} mathit{r} mathit{s} mathit{t} $mathit\{n\}\; mathit\{o\}\; mathit\{p\}\; mathit\{q\}\; mathit\{r\}\; mathit\{s\}\; mathit\{t\}\; ,!$ mathit{u} mathit{v} mathit{w} mathit{x} mathit{y} mathit{z} $mathit\{u\}\; mathit\{v\}\; mathit\{w\}\; mathit\{x\}\; mathit\{y\}\; mathit\{z\}\; ,!$ mathit{0} mathit{1} mathit{2} mathit{3} mathit{4} $mathit\{0\}\; mathit\{1\}\; mathit\{2\}\; mathit\{3\}\; mathit\{4\}\; ,!$ mathit{5} mathit{6} mathit{7} mathit{8} mathit{9} $mathit\{5\}\; mathit\{6\}\; mathit\{7\}\; mathit\{8\}\; mathit\{9\},!$ _2. Roman typeface mathrm{A} mathrm{B} mathrm{C} mathrm{D} mathrm{E} mathrm{F} mathrm{G} $mathrm\{A\}\; mathrm\{B\}\; mathrm\{C\}\; mathrm\{D\}\; mathrm\{E\}\; mathrm\{F\}\; mathrm\{G\}\; ,!$ mathrm{H} mathrm{I} mathrm{J} mathrm{K} mathrm{L} mathrm{M} $mathrm\{H\}\; mathrm\{I\}\; mathrm\{J\}\; mathrm\{K\}\; mathrm\{L\}\; mathrm\{M\}\; ,!$ mathrm{N} mathrm{O} mathrm{P} mathrm{Q} mathrm{R} mathrm{S} mathrm{T} $mathrm\{N\}\; mathrm\{O\}\; mathrm\{P\}\; mathrm\{Q\}\; mathrm\{R\}\; mathrm\{S\}\; mathrm\{T\}\; ,!$ mathrm{U} mathrm{V} mathrm{W} mathrm{X} mathrm{Y} mathrm{Z} $mathrm\{U\}\; mathrm\{V\}\; mathrm\{W\}\; mathrm\{X\}\; mathrm\{Y\}\; mathrm\{Z\}\; ,!$ mathrm{a} mathrm{b} mathrm{c} mathrm{d} mathrm{e} mathrm{f} mathrm{g} $mathrm\{a\}\; mathrm\{b\}\; mathrm\{c\}\; mathrm\{d\}\; mathrm\{e\}\; mathrm\{f\}\; mathrm\{g\},!$ mathrm{h} mathrm{i} mathrm{j} mathrm{k} mathrm{l} mathrm{m} $mathrm\{h\}\; mathrm\{i\}\; mathrm\{j\}\; mathrm\{k\}\; mathrm\{l\}\; mathrm\{m\}\; ,!$ mathrm{n} mathrm{o} mathrm{p} mathrm{q} mathrm{r} mathrm{s} mathrm{t} $mathrm\{n\}\; mathrm\{o\}\; mathrm\{p\}\; mathrm\{q\}\; mathrm\{r\}\; mathrm\{s\}\; mathrm\{t\}\; ,!$ mathrm{u} mathrm{v} mathrm{w} mathrm{x} mathrm{y} mathrm{z} $mathrm\{u\}\; mathrm\{v\}\; mathrm\{w\}\; mathrm\{x\}\; mathrm\{y\}\; mathrm\{z\}\; ,!$ mathrm{0} mathrm{1} mathrm{2} mathrm{3} mathrm{4} $mathrm\{0\}\; mathrm\{1\}\; mathrm\{2\}\; mathrm\{3\}\; mathrm\{4\}\; ,!$ mathrm{5} mathrm{6} mathrm{7} mathrm{8} mathrm{9} $mathrm\{5\}\; mathrm\{6\}\; mathrm\{7\}\; mathrm\{8\}\; mathrm\{9\},!$ _2. Fraktur typeface mathfrak{A} mathfrak{B} mathfrak{C} mathfrak{D} mathfrak{E} mathfrak{F} mathfrak{G} $mathfrak\{A\}\; mathfrak\{B\}\; mathfrak\{C\}\; mathfrak\{D\}\; mathfrak\{E\}\; mathfrak\{F\}\; mathfrak\{G\}\; ,!$ mathfrak{H} mathfrak{I} mathfrak{J} mathfrak{K} mathfrak{L} mathfrak{M} $mathfrak\{H\}\; mathfrak\{I\}\; mathfrak\{J\}\; mathfrak\{K\}\; mathfrak\{L\}\; mathfrak\{M\}\; ,!$ mathfrak{N} mathfrak{O} mathfrak{P} mathfrak{Q} mathfrak{R} mathfrak{S} mathfrak{T} $mathfrak\{N\}\; mathfrak\{O\}\; mathfrak\{P\}\; mathfrak\{Q\}\; mathfrak\{R\}\; mathfrak\{S\}\; mathfrak\{T\}\; ,!$ mathfrak{U} mathfrak{V} mathfrak{W} mathfrak{X} mathfrak{Y} mathfrak{Z} $mathfrak\{U\}\; mathfrak\{V\}\; mathfrak\{W\}\; mathfrak\{X\}\; mathfrak\{Y\}\; mathfrak\{Z\}\; ,!$ mathfrak{a} mathfrak{b} mathfrak{c} mathfrak{d} mathfrak{e} mathfrak{f} mathfrak{g} $mathfrak\{a\}\; mathfrak\{b\}\; mathfrak\{c\}\; mathfrak\{d\}\; mathfrak\{e\}\; mathfrak\{f\}\; mathfrak\{g\}\; ,!$ mathfrak{h} mathfrak{i} mathfrak{j} mathfrak{k} mathfrak{l} mathfrak{m} $mathfrak\{h\}\; mathfrak\{i\}\; mathfrak\{j\}\; mathfrak\{k\}\; mathfrak\{l\}\; mathfrak\{m\}\; ,!$ mathfrak{n} mathfrak{o} mathfrak{p} mathfrak{q} mathfrak{r} mathfrak{s} mathfrak{t} $mathfrak\{n\}\; mathfrak\{o\}\; mathfrak\{p\}\; mathfrak\{q\}\; mathfrak\{r\}\; mathfrak\{s\}\; mathfrak\{t\}\; ,!$ mathfrak{u} mathfrak{v} mathfrak{w} mathfrak{x} mathfrak{y} mathfrak{z} $mathfrak\{u\}\; mathfrak\{v\}\; mathfrak\{w\}\; mathfrak\{x\}\; mathfrak\{y\}\; mathfrak\{z\}\; ,!$ mathfrak{0} mathfrak{1} mathfrak{2} mathfrak{3} mathfrak{4} $mathfrak\{0\}\; mathfrak\{1\}\; mathfrak\{2\}\; mathfrak\{3\}\; mathfrak\{4\}\; ,!$ mathfrak{5} mathfrak{6} mathfrak{7} mathfrak{8} mathfrak{9} $mathfrak\{5\}\; mathfrak\{6\}\; mathfrak\{7\}\; mathfrak\{8\}\; mathfrak\{9\},!$ _2. Calligraphy/Script mathcal{A} mathcal{B} mathcal{C} mathcal{D} mathcal{E} mathcal{F} mathcal{G} $mathcal\{A\}\; mathcal\{B\}\; mathcal\{C\}\; mathcal\{D\}\; mathcal\{E\}\; mathcal\{F\}\; mathcal\{G\}\; ,!$ mathcal{H} mathcal{I} mathcal{J} mathcal{K} mathcal{L} mathcal{M} $mathcal\{H\}\; mathcal\{I\}\; mathcal\{J\}\; mathcal\{K\}\; mathcal\{L\}\; mathcal\{M\}\; ,!$ mathcal{N} mathcal{O} mathcal{P} mathcal{Q} mathcal{R} mathcal{S} mathcal{T} $mathcal\{N\}\; mathcal\{O\}\; mathcal\{P\}\; mathcal\{Q\}\; mathcal\{R\}\; mathcal\{S\}\; mathcal\{T\}\; ,!$ mathcal{U} mathcal{V} mathcal{W} mathcal{X} mathcal{Y} mathcal{Z} $mathcal\{U\}\; mathcal\{V\}\; mathcal\{W\}\; mathcal\{X\}\; mathcal\{Y\}\; mathcal\{Z\},!$ _2. Hebrew aleph beth gimel daleth $aleph\; beth\; gimel\; daleth,!$

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Created on 26 Apr 2024, Last modified on 14 Jun 2012